C# Tutorial, starting, learning the basics, and keeping...

C# Tutorial by: Brinuz @ MPGH.

First of all, this is not C++!!! and this is not exactly the best language to mak hacks, etc.

You need a compiler, i sugest: Visual C# 2008 Express Edition.
You'll easly find it free to download and install.

*Open it and let's create a project:

-File -> New Project
-Select Console Application
-Call it w/e you want
-Click ok

Ok, before starting to post Codes of lines and lines, you should know a few basic things to code:

***************************

This:
// when you see something like this in the code, it means that the program will ignore it, its just a comment in the lines.

OR

/*when you see something like this in the code, it means that the program will ignore it, its just a comment in the lines. */

***************************

*Every normal line of coding that contains an instruction should end with ";".

e.g:

Code:

int var;
string text;
text = "www.mpgh.net";
var = 1337;

***************************

*Getting the past e.g, you should know what are the most basic data type in this language: String, Int.

lets set it easy:

-An Int is a "bit" of memory that is created, and used by the program that will let you save a number. (ATTENTION: NOT NUMBERS LIKE 1.3, or 1323.1256788, for that you shuld use the type: Double or Float).

-A String is a "bit" of memory that is created, and used by the program that will let you save text, basiclly anything you write or set in it (this includes numbers, letters, symobols, etc).

*Also when you create one:

Code:

string text;

you can initialize it as a value, eg:

Code:

string text = "www.mpgh.net";

but, lets say that you will only later what it will have, you can always do:

Code:

string text;

//code
//code
//code
//code

text = "www.mpgh.net";

*You can also "say" that a string is equal to another one:

Code:

string Text = "www.mpgh.net";
string Link = Text;

Code:

string Text = "www.mpgh.net";
string Link;
Link = Text;

*You can add one string to another:

Code:

string Site = "mpgh.net";
string web = "www.";

web = web + site; // this will add "www."+"mpgh.net", which will result in "www.mpgh.net"

*You can do maths with data of the type int:

Code:

int x = 2;
int y = 1;
int result;

result = x + y; //the value of result will be 3. which is 2 plus 1.

***************************

Bla, bla bla... im here writing stuff and you will probabily don't understand without using it. (which may be normal, mainly because i can't explain myself that well, even if i know xD).
Let's get into action and code something!

Code:

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  
 * C# Starting Tutorial and basics for MPGH by Brinuz. *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

// Basiclly this contais objects that you might use later on your code like Console. the one beeing used in Main() (which makes you able to write on console)
using System;

// You will learn a bit more about this, but as you may realise this has the same name as you console application.
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program //your main Class, the body of you code. I will talk later about what is a class and how to use.
    {
        static void Main() //your main, your program will start #
        { 
            // # HERE and will finish always (or most of the times.... you may be able to close it, quit it at the middle of it, etc...) *
            
	    string textWorld = " Hello World!"; //Explained it Before at the start of the post.

            Console.Write("The mighty message that everyone writes:");
                // This is the basic mode of writing in Console: Console.Write(""); this will write a line with the text that you may insert in ("").
            Console.WriteLine(textWorld);
                // This one does the same as the one before, but will add a line at the end of the line, so the next Console.Write(""); or w/e will be used in the next line.
		// AND
		// Instead of the need to write " Hello World!" thing, since you already have it saved in memory, you can use it. (textWorld)
            // * FINISH HERE
        }
    }
}

Ok, i guess you can see one or other thing that i tried to explain at the start, beeing used in there... You shouldnt really pay that much attention now to Class's, namespace, etc...

*************************

*Lets say you want to compare two or more things in your program, AGE, for example...

you use;

Code:

if(condition)
{
}
else
{
}

condition Operators:

> or < : Obvious?
== : equals.
!= : different

*you should do somethings like this:

Code:

using System;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            int a = 18;
            int b = 29;

            if (a > b) //this will compare 2 or more things (lets just stay with 2 for now...) it will check if a is bigger then b, and if it is, it will do:
            {
                Console.WriteLine("var a is Older then var b"); //since a were older (or bigger) then b, it will execute every instruction inside this { ... }
            }
            else //if a isnt bigger then b, then he will do this (just like our language: If i'm a boy, i will like girls, Else i will like boys.
            {
                Console.WriteLine("var a i Younger then var b");
            }
        }
    }
}

Of course this one wouldnt be that logic because you always know the values you insert at a and b, so you actually know which one is the older. Let's try another new thing:

*You can read something that you type on console:

Code:

string Name = "";
Console.WriteLine("Insert your name:");
Name = Console.ReadLine(); //it will save what he read from your input in the var Name
Console.WriteLine("Your name is " + Name);

as simple as that. the string Name will get the value (or text) that you typed in the console and when Enter key is pressed.

*Now getting this into a Program (using the old eg.)

Code:

using System;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            int a = 0;
            int b = 0;

            Console.WriteLine("Insert the age of the first person:");
            a = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); //i do have here to use Convert.ToInt32() in here because he will need to convert the type string (text, etc.) into a INT, so it has a better way to compare, or do mats, w/e.
            Console.WriteLine("Insert the age of the secound person:");
            b = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

            if (a > b) //this will compare 2 or more things (lets just stay with 2 for now...) it will check if a is bigger then b, and if it is, it will do:
            {
                Console.WriteLine("var a is Older then var b"); //since a were older (or bigger) then b, it will execute every instruction inside this { ... }
            }
            else //if a isnt bigger then b, then he will do this (just like our language: If i'm a boy, i will like girls, Else i will like boys.
            {
                Console.WriteLine("var a i Younger then var b");
            }
        }
    }
}

*Now that you know something already let's have something for you to do by urself or check:

TO DO:

Make a program that follow this:
-Will ask a user to input 2 numbers
-these numbers can't be the same
-numbers must to be between 0 and 20.
-at the end it will write in the console which number is the bigger and tell the difference between them.

eg: if you insert 5 and 15... the difference would be 10... from 5 to 15.

IMPORTANT!!! IF YOU REALLY WANT TO LEARN TO THIS BY URSELF WITHOUT LOOKING TO THE SOLUTION WITHOUT BEEING FINISHED!!
-You can check what you have read already.
-You Shouldnt check the solution without finishing.
-Try not to Copy&Paste.

*i'm advicing you this, because it is the best way to learn something

*One of the many possible Solutions:

i will make this as simpler as possible for you to understand, but there is a thing that you need to be "aware", IT IS possible to make this in a simpler, and way better mode. I made it like this for a better understanding from others and you. Keep that in mind.

Before posting the solution. I will talk to you about more operators:

Code:

||

and

Code:

&&

|| means OR
&& means AND

How can this be usefull? Here's a e.g:

Code:

if(a == b && a == c) //means: if a is equal to b and also equal to c. if you use || in here it would be: if a is equal to b OR a is equal to c.
{
//CODE
}

*Here's one solution:

Code:

using System;

namespace MpghTUTSolution1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("You will need to Insert 2 Numbers:");
            Console.WriteLine("First Number:");
            int aNum = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine("Secound Number:");
            int bNum = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

            if (aNum != bNum) //means they are different
            {
                if ((aNum < 20 && aNum > 0) || (bNum < 20 && bNum > 0))
                {
                    int result = 0;

                    if (aNum > bNum)
                    {
                        result = aNum - bNum;
                        Console.WriteLine("The biggest number is: " + aNum + " and the difference is " + result);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = bNum - aNum;
                        Console.WriteLine("The biggest number is: " + bNum + " and the difference is " + result);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Invalid Size Numbers, the Program will end");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Numbers are equal, the Program will end");
            }

            Console.ReadKey(); //to stop the program so you can see the text / result.
        }
    }
}

*Sorry for the sucky english*

*STILL WORKING ON IT (TUT): Adding Screens later, and how to create a project.*

Originally Posted by why06

Hey thx a lot for this. Sorry I'm slow getting to this I'll add your tut to the list, hell even though its C#. Goodjob.

Thanks for that

Originally Posted by Davidm44

Well done. I've read on C# once already since I wanted to start, and I saw something like

Code:

string text = "World!";
console.WriteLine("Hello {0}!",text);

The way you did it puts the string at the end of the sentence, I just wanted to add that. I could be wrong though.

yeap thats correct, but you also also do:

Code:

string text = "MPGH";
console.WriteLine("Hello " + text + " World!");

So the output would be "Hello MPGH World".

And thanks for adding that (forgot).

Originally Posted by crushed

Honestly, props to you. I might not be learning C# yet, but so far from what I've read, I've understood every word. Good job, keep it up!

EDIT:
Ooh, just a question. :P
Assuming C# is similar, so I'm assuming unlike C++, you don't need to have.

Code:

return 0;

at the end? :P And also, just wondering. If I were to compile that, would that just quickly flash on my screen and flash off? So instant open/close?

Lol, this is easier to understand since I have some knowledge of C++.

[php]
Console.WriteLine is like cout. Displays output.
Console.ReadLine is cin. Whee, this seems fun. o_o;
[/php]

like Hell_demon said it is a void main, so there i did not return on it. (void)
It wouldnt flash on the screen if you run it in "Without debug".
In Debug mod, it would flash on the screen, a easy way too stop that is to make for ex: "Console.Readkey();"
oh, and you are correct about comparing it to C++...
Readline & Writeline

PS: i will later today continue the tutorial, and maybe also add Windows APP later.

C# Tutorial, starting, learning the basics, and keeping...

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